Why You Shouldn’t Give Your Baby Cow’s Milk or Honey

Symptoms of infant botulism include:

• Constipation—this is usually the very first sign of botulism in babies
• Lack of facial expression
• Poor feeding
• Decrease in activity, such as weak cry and movement
• Trouble swallowing
• Excessive drooling
• Breathing problem
• Muscle weakness

While infant botulism from honey is a real risk, it’s also important to note that it’s a very rare one. According to John Hopkins Medicine, less than 100 cases of infant botulism are reported in the U.S. per year.

If you do suspect that your baby could have infant botulism, or know that they have consumed honey, call your doctor or seek medication ASAP. The condition is treatable if caught early enough.

Why Can’t Babies Have Cow’s Milk?

If you’re wondering when babies can have milk, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that babies do not start consuming cow’s milk until they are at least one year old. This is due to the fact that babies under one may not be able to digest large amounts of cow protein.

Some babies may also have an allergy to cow’s milk protein, which means that they will need a non-dairy formula if you’re formula feeding. If you notice that your formula-fed baby has diarrhea, any blood in his stools, or is unusually fussy, schedule a check-up with your pediatrician.

Instead of cow’s milk, the AAP recommends feeding your baby exclusive breast milk or formula for the first 6 months of life, followed by slow introduction of solids. Once your baby is over the age of 12 months, cow’s milk can be used, or you can use a toddler formula if you desire or if your pediatrician recommends it. At one years old, babies should have about 16-24 ounces of whole milk per day, according to the AAP.

If you are interested in giving your baby a non-cow milk alternative, speak to your doctor about what milk would be best to ensure your baby is getting all the nutrition she needs. The AAP does not recommend one type of plant-based milk, so it’s best to discuss your own baby’s needs and preferences with your doctor.

First Foods for Babies

So, if honey and cow’s milk are out for the first year, what foods are safe for your baby? The AAP notes that exclusive breast milk or formula is recommended for the first 6 months of your baby’s life. After that, you can begin to introduce solid foods for your baby.

Aside from honey, cow’s milk, and any foods that are obvious choking hazards (like peanuts, popcorn, or hot dogs), you can feel free to introduce your baby to a variety of foods. Some families may prefer to start with pureed baby foods, while others may do a version of baby-led weaning and start with small versions of the foods that the rest of the family is eating.

A few good first foods for babies include:

• Mashed bananas
• Cooked sweet potato
• Mashed avocado

Unless you have a family history of allergies, the AAP also says you don’t have to avoid allergen foods for your baby (like eggs) and even then, some studies have found early introduction may actually lessen the risk of allergies developing, so talk with your pediatrician about a plan if you are concerned about food allergies.